What is triploid production?
Triploid production by the conventional techniques involves chromosome doubling, followed by crossing the tetraploids with their diploids. This approach is not only laborious, but in many cases, may not be possible because of the high sterility of tetraploids.
What is triploid in plant tissue culture?
Endosperm is a unique tissue. In the majority of flowering plants (over 81% of families) it originates from the fusion product of three haploid nuclei (one from the male gametophyte and two from the female gameto- phyte) and is, therefore, triploid.
What is tissue culture Slideshare?
Introduction to Tissue Culture Tissue Culture (also known as Micropropagation or In vitro culture) is: The growing of plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.
What is endosperm culture?
• Endosperm culture: It is the in vitro development of isolated mature or immature endosperm from seed at proper stage on a suitable culture medium to obtain triploid plantlet.
What is triploid in botany?
Triploidy is the term referring the presence of three sets of haploid (single) chromosomes in an organism or cell line and is termed 3n, where 1n is the haploid chromosome number for the species concerned.
How do you make a triploid plant?
The triploid seeds are obtained by crossing a fertile tetraploid (4n) plant with a diploid (2n) plant. When you buy seedless watermelon seeds, you get two kinds of seeds, one for the fertile diploid plant and one for the sterile triploid.
How are triploid plants produced?
Formation of triploid plants Errors occur sometimes during meiosis in regular diploid plants and chromosomes fail to segregate properly to the daughter cells. Such an unreduced 2n gamete can unite with a normal, haploid gamete, resulting in a triploid zygote that may develop into a triploid plant.
Why do farmers grow triploid plants?
As triploid plants are generally sterile or have reduced fertility, they are conventionally obtained from the crossing of a diploid with an induced tetraploid. Triploid plants represent an important resource for the breeding of fruit and ornamental plants.
What is tissue culture PPT?
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE • Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation .
What develops into an endosperm?
Endosperm is formed when the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the interior of a female gametophyte (sometimes called the embryo sac). That cell created in the process of double fertilization develops into the endosperm.
What is an example of triploid?
One of the most famous and ancient examples of a triploid plant species is the cultivated banana characterized by its widely used and fleshy seedless fruit. The cultivated banana is believed to have been derived from a cross between a diploid species Musa acuminata and the tetraploid species M.
Triploid plants can also be produced by natural selection, sexual hybridization, endosperm culture in vitro and fusion of somatic diploid protoplasts with haploid microspore cells. There are few reports on protoplast fusion to produce triploid plants, so here we mainly talk about the other three ways to produce triploid plants.
How does polyploidy occur in plants?
Polyploidy naturally occurs often in plants and is a driving force of plant evolution. Triploid cells result during the cell division process called meiosis. In the first step, the pairs of chromosomes replicate themselves and line up to be split into daughter cells.
Is triploidy good or bad for plants?
Triploid plants are usually seed-sterile and undesirable for plants where seeds are of commercial importance. However, in a few cases, the seedlessness caused by triploidy is of no serious concern or, at times, even advantageous. Thus, the triploidy can be exploited for plant improvement.
How do you make triploid cells?
Triploid production by the conventional techniques involves chromo- some doubling followed by crossing the tetraploids with their diploids. This approach is not only laborious but in many cases may not be possi- ble due to high sterility of tetraploids (Gupta, 1982; Esen and Soost, 1973).